Section 4Anti-Doping Rule Violation

the presence of a prohibited substance or its metabolites or markers in an athletes sample, unless such presence is exempted under section 5;

use or attempted use by an athlete of any prohibited substance or any prohibited method, unless such use is exempted under section 5;

evading sample collection; or refusing or failing to submit to sample collection without compelling justification after notification by a duly authorised person;

whereabouts failures by an athlete as specified in the Code;

tampering or attempted tampering with any part of doping control by an athlete or other person;

possession of any prohibited substance or any prohibited method by an athlete or athlete support personnel, unless such possession is exempted under section 5;

trafficking or attempted trafficking in any prohibited substance or prohibited method by an athlete or other person;

administration or attempted administration by an athlete or other person to any athlete in-competition of any prohibited substance or prohibited method, or administration or attempted administration to any athlete out-of-competition of any prohibited substance or any prohibited method that is prohibited out-of-competition;

assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring, covering up or any other type of intentional complicity or attempted complicity involving an Anti-Doping Rule Violation, attempted Anti-Doping Rule Violation or violation of the prohibition against participation during ineligibility or provisional suspension by any other person;

prohibited association by an athlete or other person as the Agency may specify by regulations;

acts by an athlete or other person to discourage or retaliate against reporting to authorities.